小川 真規

BACKGROUND: Few studies have assessed depression in healthcare workers (HCWs) in Japan owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and no studies have proposed effective interventions to help support their mental health. AIMS: To test the hypothesis that enhancing access to mental healthcare professionals helps to improve HCWs' mental health. METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed depressive symptoms in HCWs at three hospitals in Osaka prefecture between May and July, 2020. The survey obtained information on HCWs' mental state and related situations/perceptions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Of the 3291 eligible HCWs, 1269 (39%) completed the survey. Of all HCWs, 87 (7%) were physicians, and 700 (55%) were nurses. A total of 181 (14%) HCWs had moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression. Being a frontline worker was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms (odds ratio: 0.86 [95% confidence intervals: 0.54-1.37], P = 0.50). The unwillingness to consult with anyone was significantly associated with more severe depressive symptoms (1.70 [1.10-2.63], P < 0.01). HCWs who had no opportunity to confide in family/friends (1.66 [1.10-2.52], P < 0.01) or colleagues/supervisors (3.19 [2.22-4.58], P < 0.001) were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Being a frontline HCW in a Japanese hospital treating patients with COVID-19 was not significantly associated with having depressive symptoms. The study highlights that encouraging daily communication with close persons (family, friends, colleagues and supervisors), rather than improving access to mental health professionals, might help to prevent depression in HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A high prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) may call for monitoring in geriatric long-term care facilities (g-LTCFs). We surveyed the distribution of ESBL-causative gene types and antimicrobial susceptibility in ESBL-PE strains from residents in g-LTCFs, and investigated the association between ESBL-causative gene types and antimicrobial susceptibility. First, we analyzed the types of ESBL-causative genes obtained from 141 ESBL-PE strains collected from the feces of residents in four Japanese g-LTCFs. Next, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration values for alternative antimicrobial agents against ESBL-PE, including β-lactams and non-β-lactams. Escherichia coli accounted for 96% of the total ESBL-PE strains. Most strains (94%) contained blaCTX-M group genes. The genes most commonly underlying resistance were of the blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-1 groups. Little difference was found in the distribution of ESBL-causative genes among the facilities; however, antimicrobial susceptibility differed widely among the facilities. No specific difference was found between antimicrobial susceptibility and the number of ESBL-causative genes. Our data showed that ESBL-PEs were susceptible to some antimicrobial agents, but the susceptibility largely differed among facilities. These findings suggest that each g-LTCF may require specific treatment strategies based on their own antibiogram. Investigations into drug resistance should be performed in g-LTCFs as well as acute medical facilities.

Previous studies indicated residents in geriatric long-term care facilities (LTCFs) had much higher prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) carriage than the general population. Most ESBL-E carriers are asymptomatic. The study tested the hypothesis that residents with ESBL-E carriage may accumulate inside geriatric LTCFs through potential cross-transmission after exposure to residents with prolonged ESBL-E carriage. 260 residents from four Japanese LTCFs underwent ESBL-E testing of fecal specimens and were divided into two cohorts: Cohort 1,75 patients with ≥ 2 months residence at study onset; Cohort 2, 185 patients with < 2 months residence at study onset or new admission during the study period. Three analyses were performed: (1) ESBL-E carriage statuses in Cohort 1 and Cohort 2; (2) changes in ESBL-E carriage statuses 3-12 months after the first testing and ≥ 12 months after the second testing; and (3) lengths of positive ESBL-E carriage statuses. Compared with the residents in Cohort 1, a significantly larger proportion of residents in Cohort 2 were positive for ESBL-E carriage (28.0% in Cohort 1 vs 40.0% in Cohort 2). In the subsequent testing results, 18.3% of residents who were negative in the first testing showed positive conversion to ESBL-E carriage in the second testing, while no patients who were negative in the second testing showed positive conversion in the third testing. The maximum length of ESBL-E carriage was 17 months. The findings indicated that some residents acquired ESBL-E through potential cross-transmission inside the LTCFs after short-term residence. However, no residents showed positive conversion after long-term residence, which indicates that residents with ESBL-E carriage may not accumulate inside LTCFs. Practical infection control and prevention measures could improve the ESBL-E prevalence in geriatric LTCFs.

目的:近年途上国へ派遣される労働者が増加している。途上国は衛生環境が悪いことが多く、健康管理(感染症対策)が重要となる。赴任前に健康指導を受ける労働者、指導を行う産業医の認識を調査し、海外派遣労働者のニーズに合った、効果的な健康管理を提案することを目的とした。方法:途上国へ派遣された経験を持つ労働者を対象にインターネット調査を行い、属性、業種、滞在期間、勤務企業概要、赴任前推奨ワクチン種、ワクチン費用負担、感染症事前教育の有無・役立ち度・理解度、持参薬の有無、自社の感染症対策への満足度を収集した。また、指導する側として、産業医資格取得講習参加者を対象に、アンケートにて属性、日常業務における途上国赴任予定労働者からの相談の有無、日常業務における途上国赴任予定者に対する感染症に関する指導の有無、途上国赴任に際し推奨するアドバイス項目を取得した。結果:労働者が事前に得ることで、自社の感染症対策満足度に寄与する要因として、会社規模に加え、事前教育、相談窓口の情報提供が挙げられた。これらを多くの産業医資格取得講習参加者は、提供すべきと回答したが、情報提供に自信がないと考えていることが明らかとなった。結論:海外派遣労働者には、海外派遣前に、企業と連携し、事前教育、相談窓口の情報を、積極的に提供すべきである。また、産業医など指導する側は、渡航医学についての知識や情報源についての理解を深める必要がある。(著者抄録)

目的:近年途上国へ派遣される労働者が増加している。途上国は衛生環境が悪いことが多く、健康管理(感染症対策)が重要となる。赴任前に健康指導を受ける労働者、指導を行う産業医の認識を調査し、海外派遣労働者のニーズに合った、効果的な健康管理を提案することを目的とした。方法:途上国へ派遣された経験を持つ労働者を対象にインターネット調査を行い、属性、業種、滞在期間、勤務企業概要、赴任前推奨ワクチン種、ワクチン費用負担、感染症事前教育の有無・役立ち度・理解度、持参薬の有無、自社の感染症対策への満足度を収集した。また、指導する側として、産業医資格取得講習参加者を対象に、アンケートにて属性、日常業務における途上国赴任予定労働者からの相談の有無、日常業務における途上国赴任予定者に対する感染症に関する指導の有無、途上国赴任に際し推奨するアドバイス項目を取得した。結果:労働者が事前に得ることで、自社の感染症対策満足度に寄与する要因として、会社規模に加え、事前教育、相談窓口の情報提供が挙げられた。これらを多くの産業医資格取得講習参加者は、提供すべきと回答したが、情報提供に自信がないと考えていることが明らかとなった。結論:海外派遣労働者には、海外派遣前に、企業と連携し、事前教育、相談窓口の情報を、積極的に提供すべきである。また、産業医など指導する側は、渡航医学についての知識や情報源についての理解を深める必要がある。(著者抄録)