伊澤 祥光

BACKGROUND Inferior vena cava (IVC) injury is a potentially fatal injury with a high mortality rate of 34-70%. In cases in which the patient's condition is stable, diagnosis by computed tomography (CT) is the criterion standard. Findings on CT include retroperitoneal hematoma around the IVC, extravasation of contrast medium, and abnormal morphology of the IVC. We report a case of an IVC injury that could not be diagnosed by preoperative CT examination and could not be immediately detected during laparotomy. CASE REPORT A 73-year-old woman had stabbed herself in the neck and abdomen at home using a knife. When she arrived at our hospital, we found a stab wound several centimeters long on her abdomen and a cut approximately 15 cm long on her neck. We activated the massive transfusion protocol because she was in a condition of hemorrhagic shock. After blood transfusion and blood pressure stabilization, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a small amount of fluid in the abdominal cavity. An otorhinolaryngologist performed successful drainage and hemostasis, and a laparotomy was performed. Gastric injury and mesentery injury of the transverse colon were identified and repaired with sutures. Subsequent search of the retroperitoneum revealed massive bleeding from an injury to the inferior vena cava (IVC). The IVC was repaired. Postoperative progress was good, and she was discharged from the hospital 65 days after her injuries. CONCLUSIONS We experienced a case of penetrating IVC injury, which is a rare trauma. Occult IVC injury may escape detection by preoperative CT examination or during laparotomy.

Introduction: Traumatic tension gastrothorax is a type of obstructive shock similar to tension pneumothorax. However, tension gastrothorax is not well known among emergency physicians, and no consensus has yet been reached on management during initial trauma care. We present a case of traumatic tension gastrothorax in which tube thoracostomy was performed based solely on clinical findings very similar to tension pneumothorax, followed by emergency laparotomy. Presentation of case: A 24-year-old male motorcyclist was brought to our emergency medical center after being struck by a motor vehicle. He was in respiratory failure and hypotensive shock with findings suggestive of pneumothorax. Although the physical findings were not fully in line with tension pneumothorax, we immediately performed finger thoracostomy. Subsequent radiography revealed left diaphragmatic rupture with hernia. After unsuccessful attempts to decompress the stomach with a nasogastric tube, immediate emergency laparotomy was performed. During the operation, the stomach, which had prolapsed through the ruptured diaphragm into the thoracic cavity, was manually returned to the abdominal cavity. The ruptured diaphragm was repaired with sutures. Discussion: Although distinguishing between tension pneumothorax and tension gastrothorax based on physical examination alone is difficult, tension gastrothorax requires careful attention to avoid intrapleural contamination from gastric injury. In addition, relying solely on stomach decompression with a nasogastric tube or delaying laparotomy could lead to cardiac arrest. Conclusion: When tension pneumothorax is suspected during initial trauma care, tension gastrothorax should also be considered as a differential diagnosis and treated with immediate diaphragmatic repair once identified.

症例は67歳男性。ダンプカーを運転中,他のトラックに追突し受傷した。来院時ショック状態であったが輸血により改善したため外傷パンスキャンCTを施行した。CTでは,腸間膜の血管外漏出像を認めたため緊急開腹止血術を行った。手術では腸間膜に複数の動脈性出血と横行結腸穿孔を認め,止血術と横行結腸部分切除を行った。腹部コンパートメント症候群の危険因子である大量輸血,腹腔内感染,肥満を認めたため,一期的な閉腹は行わずOpen Abdominal Management(OAM)を開始した。初回手術から8日後,4回目の手術を行い炎症による腸管浮腫で閉腹が困難であったことから,陰圧閉鎖療法を併用したMesh mediated fascial tractionを導入し,20日後に一次筋膜閉鎖を達成した。陰圧閉鎖療法を併用したMesh mediated fascial tractionは,重症腹部外傷などでOAMを行い閉腹困難となった症例に対する閉腹方法の選択肢となる術式と考えられた。(著者抄録)