三木 厚

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection caused by human adenovirus (HAdV) after renal transplantation (RT) results in graft loss because of concomitant nephropathy and acute rejection and may result in death because of systemic dissemination. METHODS: We assessed the time period between RT and disease onset, symptoms, treatment details, disease duration, renal graft function, outcomes, and complications. RESULTS: HAdV infection of the urinary tract occurred in 8 of 170 renal transplant recipients. Symptoms were macrohematuria in all 8 patients, dysuria in 7, and fever in 5. The median period from RT to disease onset was 367 (range, 7-1763) days, and the median disease duration was 15 (range, 8-42) days. The mean serum creatinine (sCr) level prior to onset was 1.35 ± 0.48 mg/dL and the mean maximum sCr level during disease was 2.34 ± 1.95 mg/dL. These values were increased by ≥25% in 5 patients. The mean sCr levels when symptoms resolved was 1.54 ± 0.67 mg/dL, and no significant difference was seen before, during, or after disease onset (P = 0.069). Two patients were diagnosed with HAdV viremia and 1 with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis revealed on biopsy. In addition to a reduction in immunosuppressant dosage, 2 patients received gammaglobulins and 5 received ganciclovir. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of all patients were alleviated, although some patients developed nephritis or viremia. Hence, the possibility of exacerbation should always be considered. Adequate follow-up observation should be conducted, and diligent and aggressive therapeutic intervention is required to prevent the condition from worsening.

膵切除術を行った浸潤性膵管癌74例(男性46例、女性28例、平均66.6歳)を対象に、標記について検討した。膵体尾部癌は31例、膵頭部癌は43例で、臨床病期はStage Iが2例、Stage IIが8例、Stage IIIが40例、Stage IVaが24例であった。術後補助化学療法は50例に施行した。R0群の3年生存率は60.1%、R1群では41.0%であったが有意差は認められなかった。癌組織型では有意差はなく、T因子についてはT1〜T2群に対しT3〜T4群は有意に予後良好であった。リンパ節転移なし群に対し、あり群は有意に予後不良であった。多変量解析では、リンパ節転移の有無のみが独立した予後規定因子であった。リンパ節転移の有無(N)と癌遺残度(R)の検討では、R0N-群の3年生存率は85.8%、R0N+群では40.3%、R1N-群は50.0%、R1N+群は41.7%と、R0N-群で有意に予後良好であった。

当院では膵良性疾患に対して腹腔鏡下膵体尾部切除術(LDP)を施行しているが、視野確保が不十分な症例や高度癒着例、および膵切離面の状態からステイプラーによる切離閉鎖が困難な症例には、用手的補助下腹腔鏡下手術(HALS)や小切開手術(MIS)への移行が有用な場合がある。今回、LDPからHALSへ移行し、さらにMISへ移行することで確実な膵切離が行えた2例(61歳女、21歳女)を報告した。

We report a rare case of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related sclerosing cholangitis without other organ involvement. A 69-year-old-man was referred for the evaluation of jaundice. Computed tomography revealed thickening of the bile duct wall, compressing the right portal vein. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a lesion extending from the proximal confluence of the common bile duct to the left and right hepatic ducts. Intraductal ultrasonography showed a bile duct mass invading the portal vein. Hilar bile duct cancer was initially diagnosed and percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization was performed, preceding a planned right hepatectomy. Strictures persisted despite steroid therapy. Therefore, partial resection of the common bile duct following choledochojejunostomy was performed. Histologic examination showed diffuse and severe lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and abundant plasma cells, which stained positive for anti-IgG4 antibody. The final diagnosis was IgG4 sclerosing cholangitis. Types 3 and 4 IgG4 sclerosing cholangitis remains a challenge to differentiate from cholangiocarcinoma. A histopathologic diagnosis obtained with a less invasive approach avoided unnecessary hepatectomy.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is a serious adverse side-effect of anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens, in patients with breast cancer. A combination of three drugs, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, aprepitant and dexamethasone, is recommended for antiemetic therapy. Palonosetron (PALO), a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist has been identified to be effective against delayed nausea and vomiting. In this study, the results of PALO for patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy were compared with that of granisetron (GRA) using a crossover study design. This study evaluated the efficacy of antiemetics in the first cycle of chemotherapy, as well as the second and third cycles. A total of 21 patients and 19 patients were assigned to PALO and GRA treatment groups during the first cycle of chemotherapy, respectively. The patients switched to the other antiemetic drug for the second chemotherapy cycle (PALO followed by GRA or GRA followed by PALO). The patients could select PALO or GRA antiemetics for the third cycle, according to their preference. A total of 21 patients selected PALO and 18 patients selected GRA in the third cycle, and one patient was withdrawn from the study as their third cycle questionnaire was not obtained. No significant differences between PALO and GRA were identified in first and second cycles. However, during the third cycle, a significant difference was observed in acute-phase complete control of emetic events between the PALO and GRA groups, which was defined as no emetic episode, no additional antiemetic treatment and no more than mild nausea, between PALO and GRA. These results demonstrated that changing antiemetics may affect the efficacy of antiemetics. This study indicates that alteration of antiemetic regimens, including drug combination and order, may improve the efficacy of antiemetic treatment.

OBJECTIVES: The effects of glucocorticoid during culture on human islet cells have been controversial. Exendin-4 (EX) enhances the insulin secretion and significantly improves clinical outcomes in islet cell transplantation. In this study, we examined the effects of glucocorticoids and EX on human islet cells during pretransplant culture. METHODS: Methylprednisolone (MP) and/or EX were added to the standard culture medium for clinical islet cell transplantation. Islets were cultured for 24 hours with 3 different conditions (control, no additives; MP alone; and MP + EX). β-Cell fractional viability, cellular composition, multiple cytokine/chemokine production, multiple phosphorylation proteins, and glucose-induced insulin secretion were evaluated. RESULTS: Viable β-cell survival in MP and MP + EX group was significantly higher than in the control group. Exendin-4 prevented MP-induced reduction of insulin secretion. Methylprednisolone supplementation to the culture medium decreased cytokine and chemokine production. Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation was significantly increased by MP and MP + EX. CONCLUSIONS: Glucocorticoid supplementation into culture media significantly decreased the cytokine/chemokine production and increased the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in the improvement of human β-cell survival. In addition, EX maintained the insulin secretion suppressed by MP. The supplementation of MP and EX together could be a useful strategy to create suitable human islets for transplantation.

Anastomotic stricture of the choledochojejunostomy is a common complication after living donor liver transplantation. Most anastomotic strictures can be treated by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage and/or double balloon endoscopy. However, in severe cases and/or in small infants, neither of these is possible. Our new technique, cholangiography accompanied by cholangioscopy, enabled successful guidewire placement and balloon dilatation in cases with severe anastomotic stricture.

A 64-year-old man received mFOLFOX6+bevacizumab chemotherapy for metastatic lung cancer after rectal cancer resection( Stage IV). After 28 courses, he had an abdominal pain with fever, and computed tomography showed pelvic abscess with stercolith of appendix. He was diagnosed as acute appendicitis with intra-abdominal abscess, and emergency appendectomy with drainage was performed. Two days after the operation, he was suspected to have a sutural leakage as was suggested from the properties of his drainage, therefore re-operation was performed. A small hole of the ileum, about 2mm in diameter, was observed. The margin of the hole showed neither inflammatory nor neoplastic change, and a suturing closure of the hole was performed. The post-operative course was uneventful. Histopathological findings of the resected appendix suggested that the perforation was caused by necrosis of metastatic cancer cells penetrating the appendiceal wall. This is a case of a bevacizumab-related metachronous perforation that occurred in different gastrointestinal origins within a very short term.