春山 早苗
千葉看護学会会誌 7(1) 35-43 2001年6月30日 査読有り筆頭著者
一人の保健婦が一地域において積み重ねている個別援助過程を分析し,地区活動の中で看護専門職が行う地域ケア体制づくりの特質を実証的に明らかにした。個別援助と関連した同時期の活動について,保健婦の行為と,行為をもたらした判断や考えを保健婦への面接から調べ,地域ケア体制づくりとの関連で用いられた保健婦の認識を取り出した。個別援助を積み重ねていく過程で変化している地域資源とその変化の性質,並びに,用いられた保健婦の認識の内容及び個別援助の積み重ね方を分析した。その結果,個別援助の積み重ねにより築く地域ケア体制づくりの特質として,以下の点を明らかにした。1.個別援助過程で変化している地域資源のその変化の性質は,「関係者の支援の弾力性が高まる」「関係者の支援に対する主体性や責任性が高まる」「関係者間の支援の総合性が高まる」「制度・サービスの利便性が高まる」であった。2.地域ケア体制づくりとの関連で用いられた保健婦の認識には,本人・家族の地域資源利用に関わっていく上での問題,本人・家族及び関係者へ働きかける方法,保健事業を地域資源として有効に活用する必要性とそのための方法,用いた方法の有効性に関する確信,本人・家族への支援に役立てるために収集した情報,支援姿勢や支援内容など関係者に働きかける際に考慮すべき内容,地域ケア体制の今後改善すべき課題があった。3.保健婦の個別援助の積み重ね方は,本人・家族及び地域資源への働きかけにより,上記の地域ケア体制づくりとの関連で用いられた保健婦の認識を増やし,次の個別援助において,本人・家族への支援における有効性を確信した方法や情報を意図的に用いる,The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of facilitating the function of formal and informal support by practicing individual nursing care. Public health nurse (PHN) activities to practice individual care in one community were selected and interviews to collect data (the action, judgement and idea of nursing activities) were carried out. PHN's recognition in relation to facilitating the function of formal and informal support were selected from the data. This was accomplished by analyzing the formal and informal support in the community to change in the process to practice individual care and the nature of the change, PHN's recognition to acquire and patterns to use the recognition in the individual care. The findings showed: 1. The nature of the change of formal and informal support were to enhance their flexibility of care by the participants, their sense of autonomy and responsibility, their integration of care among participants and the convenience of health and social services. 2. The recognition that PHN applied to facilitating the function of formal and informal support were problems regarding nursing activities for formal and informal support in regard to patients, their family and participants, the necessity and method to effectively use health services, confidence in the effectiveness of methods used. The information to collect for individual care, consideration of nursing activities in regard to participants and the necessity to solve the problems about facilitating the function of formal and informal support were also applied. 3. PHN enriched the recognition to apply to facilitating the function of formal and informal support by nursing activities with regard to participants. FOR other patients, PHN used intentionally nursing activities and information that she were confident of the effectiveness, to seek support from participants in accordance with the recognition about their attitude toward care and the idea of care and to seek cooperation from participants, making a connection