山田 俊幸

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditions. This study included 298 subjects (males, 44% mean age, 61.1 years) without a history of CVD and/or hypertensive levels. Clinical data, including general laboratory measurements, HRs and SAA, were measured. The analyses were performed after dividing all of the subjects into two groups based on the blood glucose level (&lt or ≥ 6.1 mmol/L). There was a higher SAA level in the hyperglycemic group (n = 143 median [interquartile range] 6.1 [4.1-10.6] μg/mL) than in the counterpart group (n = 155 6.0 [3.5-8.5] μg/mL p &lt 0.01). There was a trend toward increased HRs in the hyperglycemic group (mean [standard deviation] 65.3 [11.2] bpm) compared to the counterpart group (63.2 [9.4] bpm p = 0.08). In the hyperglycemic group, there was a significant positive correlation between the HRs and SAA levels (multiple variables-adjusted analysis: β = 0.21, p = 0.02), while no correlation was found in the counterpart group (β = 0.06, p = 0.50). In summary, a positive correlation between the HRs and SAA levels can present under hyperglycemic conditions. These findings may provide relevant insights into the CVDrelated pathologies associated with hyperglycemia. Further studies are warranted.

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditions. This study included 298 subjects (males, 44% mean age, 61.1 years) without a history of CVD and/or hypertensive levels. Clinical data, including general laboratory measurements, HRs and SAA, were measured. The analyses were performed after dividing all of the subjects into two groups based on the blood glucose level (&lt or ≥ 6.1 mmol/L). There was a higher SAA level in the hyperglycemic group (n = 143 median [interquartile range] 6.1 [4.1-10.6] μg/mL) than in the counterpart group (n = 155 6.0 [3.5-8.5] μg/mL p &lt 0.01). There was a trend toward increased HRs in the hyperglycemic group (mean [standard deviation] 65.3 [11.2] bpm) compared to the counterpart group (63.2 [9.4] bpm p = 0.08). In the hyperglycemic group, there was a significant positive correlation between the HRs and SAA levels (multiple variables-adjusted analysis: β = 0.21, p = 0.02), while no correlation was found in the counterpart group (β = 0.06, p = 0.50). In summary, a positive correlation between the HRs and SAA levels can present under hyperglycemic conditions. These findings may provide relevant insights into the CVDrelated pathologies associated with hyperglycemia. Further studies are warranted.

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes; however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditio

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

Hyperglycemia predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes. The resting heart rates (HRs) and serum amyloid A (SAA), an inflammatory marker, are respectively factors associated with CVD-related outcomes however, little is known regarding the associations between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the HRs and SAA levels under hyperglycemic conditions. This study included 298 subjects (males, 44% mean age, 61.1 years) without a history of CVD and/or hypertensive levels. Clinical data, including general laboratory measurements, HRs and SAA, were measured. The analyses were performed after dividing all of the subjects into two groups based on the blood glucose level (&lt or ≥ 6.1 mmol/L). There was a higher SAA level in the hyperglycemic group (n = 143 median [interquartile range] 6.1 [4.1-10.6] μg/mL) than in the counterpart group (n = 155 6.0 [3.5-8.5] μg/mL p &lt 0.01). There was a trend toward increased HRs in the hyperglycemic group (mean [standard deviation] 65.3 [11.2] bpm) compared to the counterpart group (63.2 [9.4] bpm p = 0.08). In the hyperglycemic group, there was a significant positive correlation between the HRs and SAA levels (multiple variables-adjusted analysis: β = 0.21, p = 0.02), while no correlation was found in the counterpart group (β = 0.06, p = 0.50). In summary, a positive correlation between the HRs and SAA levels can present under hyperglycemic conditions. These findings may provide relevant insights into the CVDrelated pathologies associated with hyperglycemia. Further studies are warranted.

今回LBA-EATA法を原理とするミュータスワコーi30（和光純薬）によるAFP測定時に偽低値を示すHCC患者症例に遭遇した．約1年間における15％以上の偽低値の出現頻度は11,000検体中44検体で全検体数の0.4％，2,000 ng/mL以下では，770検体中5.7％であった．10％以上の偽低値を示した患者18症例は全例HCCと診断され，18例中15症例が末期であった．薬物療法を受けていたのは12症例であり，ネクサバールが9例，無治療は6例であった．偽低値検体の解析では，希釈することで偽低値が改善し，また，PEG処理やプロテインA処理で免疫グロブリンを除去することでも偽低値が改善した．さらに化学処理では10％TritonX-100処理，4 M尿素処理および1 M酢酸処理で偽低値が改善した．種々の検討結果から免疫グロブリン（特にIgG）が関係していることが示唆され，HCC末期状態により，

BACKGROUND: White blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) level are the most common markers of inflammation. There is a growing need for point-of-care testing (POCT) of WBC and CRP, and more advances in convenient devices are required. We developed an analyzer-free POCT system for measuring WBC and CRP using a low volume blood sample. METHODS: The POCT-WBC is based on the granulocyte esterase assay, while the POCT-CRP is based on the immunochromatographic assay. These kits were examined for precision as well as correlation with currently used popular commercial automated assays. The correlations were clinically analyzed in children with acute infection (n=62; mean age 4.2y). The correlations regarding the monitoring of values were further examined in several follow-up subjects. RESULTS: The POCT-WBC and POCT-CRP kits demonstrated good precision. POCT-WBC exhibited a significantly close correlation with those of the control assay (r=0.94, p<0.05). The results of POCT-CRP also exhibited a significantly close correlation with those of the control assay (r=0.94, p<0.05). In the follow-up study, the results of the respective kits were similar to those of the control assays. CONCLUSIONS: The POCT-WBC and POCT-CRP are promising tools for assessing infection in clinical practice.

INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress, assessed using 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), can be associated with arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or hypertension (HT). We investigated the correlation between urinary 8-OHdG and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in hypertensive and non-hypertensive T2DM patients with fair glycaemic control to determine the clinical significance of HT as a comorbidity in the diabetic state. METHODS: Clinical data, including traditional cardiovascular risk factors, diabetic complications, prescribed agents, urinary 8-OHdG level and brachial-ankle PWV, was collected from T2DM patients with and without HT. RESULTS: There were 76 patients (45 men, 31 women; mean age 61 years; mean haemoglobin A1c level 6.5%) in the study cohort. T2DM patients with HT had significantly higher mean PWV than patients without HT (1,597 cm/s vs 1,442 cm/s; p < 0.05). Patients with HT showed no significant difference in 8-OHdG levels relative to those without HT (median 7.9 ng/mg creatinine vs 8.8 ng/mg creatinine; p > 0.05). Simple linear correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses revealed that 8-OHdG levels correlated independently, significantly and positively with PWV among T2DM patients with HT (r = 0.33, p < 0.05; β= 0.23, p < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between 8-OHdG levels and PWV among T2DM patients without HT. CONCLUSION: In the hypertensive state, oxidative stress can be responsible for the development of arterial stiffness, even in patients with fairly well controlled T2DM. Oxidative stress management may be necessary for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in this population.

Reactive AA amyloidosis develops secondary to chronic inflammatory disorders. Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and its degradation products, named AAs, are the main components of amyloid deposits, while apolipoprotein E (apoE) fragments are the minor components. To further understand the molecular mechanism of AA amyloidosis, we examined SAA/AAs moieties and apoE in the spleen and plasma throughout the amyloid-generating and amyloid-absorbing phases in a mouse model. SAA and four AA species (8.5kDa, 7.8kDa, 7.0kDa, and 6.2kDa) were detected in the spleen. SAA and the 8.5 kDa and 7.8 kDa AAs were prominent in the acute phase, whereas the 7.0kDa AA, the second smallest AA corresponding to the most common form in the human disease, was prominent in the chronic phase. These results indicate that the higher molecular weight species first constituted the fibril, followed by the 7.0kDa species, which were finally absorbed. ApoE was a component of the amyloid deposits at a degradation size from the beginning and was absorbed without being converted to another size. Degradation products, either from SAA or apoE, did not appear in the plasma during the course of the disease. A more detailed understanding of the moieties of amyloid-related peptides may help in the development of a method that can indicate the disease activity of AA amyloidosis.

Serum amyloid A4 (SAA4) is a constitutive apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein. It exhibits N-linked glycosylation in its second half. There are both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms in plasma and the ratio of these two forms varies among individuals. This study was conducted to examine the influence of genetic polymorphism of SAA4 on its glycosylation status. In 55 healthy subjects, SAA4 polymorphism was analyzed by PCR combined direct sequencing and its glycosylation status was analyzed by immunoblotting. The results showed that the percentage of glycosylation in subjects with amino acid substitutions at positions 71 and/or 84 was significantly (P&lt 0.05) higher than that in subjects with the wild type. The polymorphism had no influence on the plasma concentration of SAA4. These findings suggest that the changes in protein structures alter the efficiency of glycosylation in the SAA4 molecule. The functional implication of this should be of interest. © 2014 Toshiyuki Yamada et al.

While oxidized lipoprotein(a) (oxLp(a)) has been indicated to be involved in atherogenesis more than native lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), there is still a need to elucidate the associations among oxLp(a), hypertension, and atherosclerosis. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a recently developed index used to assess arterial stiffness that is independent of blood pressure components. The present study investigated the correlation between oxLp(a) and the CAVI among hypertensive subjects. Clinical data, including general atherosclerotic risk factors, in addition to Lp(a), oxLp(a), and the CAVI, were collected from 72 non-smoking, asymptomatic, and untreated female subjects (mean age: 64.3 years). Correlations between the CAVI and Lp(a) or oxLp(a) were examined in a hypertensive group (n = 34) and a non-hypertensive control group (n = 38). There was a significant and positive correlation between the CAVI and subject age in the control group, while there was a significant and positive correlation between the CAVI and subject age, systolic blood pressure, and oxLp(a) (r = 0.38, p < 0.05) in the hypertensive group. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified the oxLp(a) to be correlated independently, significantly, and positively with the CAVI (β = 0.30, p < 0.05) in the hypertensive group, while this correlation was not significant in the control group. These findings suggest that the oxidative modification of Lp(a) may be associated with arterial stiffness in hypertensive, but not non-hypertensive, female subjects.

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are proteins carried by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Among the HDL-associated protein molecules, SAA, an inflammation-related marker, and PON1, an antioxidant marker, tend to change in relatively clear opposite directions in physiological situations. In clinical chemistry, paired measurements of both markers may provide useful information to understand dysfunctional HDL in diseases with inflammation and oxidative stress conditions. Actually, limited clinical studies have suggested that the combined use of PON1 and SAA may be a tool for observing the pathophysiology of some disease entities. From the findings of experimental studies, PON1 appears to be cooperatively regulated by inflammation- and oxidative stress-related molecules linked with SAA regulation in humans. More studies remain to be performed to ascertain the value of paired measurements of both promising markers in clinical practice.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between atherosclerotic manifestations and brachial and radial arterial wall elasticity (AWE) measured using the phased tracking method in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study included T2DM patients (n=220, mean age 59 years) without a history of stroke or coronary artery disease. The brachial AWE, radial AWE, carotid mean intima-media thickness (IMT), max-IMT and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) were measured. The patients were classified according to the number of atherosclerotic risk factors, including obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Group 1 included T2DM patients only, group 2 included patients with two risk factors, group 3 included patients with three risk factors and group 4 included patients with four risk factors. The patients were also divided into two groups according to microangiopathic complications, including retinopathy and nephropathy. The between-group differences were analyzed. Results: The brachial AWE (548, 697, 755 and 771 kPa for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively) and radial AWE (532, 637, 717 and 782 kPa for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively) significantly increased in association with an increasing number of risk factors. The brachial AWE and radial AWE were significantly higher in the patients with microangiopathic complications than in those without microangiopathic complications (brachial AWE 797 and 694 kPa and radial AWE 780 and 660 kPa, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that, for brachial AWE and radial AWE, the area under the curve was equal to the max-IMT and higher than the mean-IMT and FMD. Conclusions: Upper limb AWE measurement can reflect the degree of atherosclerosis risk overload and may be useful for evaluating vascular complications in T2DM patients.

Aim: Considering the beneficial effects of physical activity on health and disease in older people, the aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in reactive oxygen metabolites and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity during an intervention period on increased physical activity among older people. Methods: Serum diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), PON1 activity and cardiometabolic variables were measured in 43 asymptomatic Japanese volunteers (18 men/25 women, mean age 68.9 years) in the pre- and post-phase of a 6-month intervention program aiming at a mild but sustained increase in physical activity. Results: While the d-ROMs and PON1 activity levels were not significantly altered after the intervention, there was an inverse correlation between percentage changes of d-ROMs and PON1 activity during this intervention period. Multiple regression analysis revealed their significant and inverse correlation as independent of percentage changes of the other cardiometabolic variables (β=-0.3, P &lt 0.05). Conclusions: The inverse d-ROMs-PON1 relationship may indicate the value of concurrent measurement of these two components of oxidation-antioxidation balance when studying the effects of physical activity in an older population. Further studies are necessary to confirm the observed relationship. © 2012 The Authors. Australasian Journal on Ageing © 2012 ACOTA.

Chronic inflammation has received a great deal of attention due to the role it plays in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) has recently been developed to evaluate arterial stiffness. This index is independent of blood pressure at the time that it is measured, making it a better measure for clinical studies on the prevention of CVD. Information on the association of serum amyloid A (SAA) with arterial stiffness in relatively healthy subjects is still scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential correlation between SAA and CAVI in asymptomatic Japanese subjects. In addition to SAA and CAVI, data on smoking status, body mass index, blood pressure, and serum/plasma biochemical indices such as glucose and total cholesterol were collected in 387 nonmedicated and CVD-free adult subjects during a health check examination (male/female 191/196, mean age 61.8 years). Among them, a randomly selected subgroup of 256 subjects (male/female 133/123, mean age 62.4 years) had a full dataset, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and hemoglobin A1c. Among the whole population, CAVI levels were significantly higher in males than in females [mean 8.5 ± (SD 1.1) vs. 8.2 ± 1.1, p &lt 0.05], while SAA levels were slightly but nonsignificantly higher in females than in males [median 6.4 (interquartile range 4.0-9.3) μg/mL vs. 5.1 (3.5-8.4)]. In a multiple linear regression analysis, CAVI was weakly but significantly, independently, and positively correlated with SAA (β-coefficient 0.200, p &lt 0.01). The results of the same analyses for the randomly selected subgroup were relatively similar to the findings for the whole population. SAA may be a positive inflammatory factor associated with arterial stiffness, and the clinical relevance and the biological mechanism for this relationship should be established in future studies. © Springer 2011.

Background Oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) has reduced capacity for cholesterol efflux and some of other anti-atherogenic properties of HDL, but the role of oxHDL in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease has not been fully demonstrated. This study investigated the association of oxHDL with plasma glucose (PG) and the other atherosclerotic risk variables in non-diabetic dyslipidemic subjects. Methods Conventional atherosclerotic markers and LDL particle size (LDL-PS), as determined by gel electrophoresis, were measured in 155 non-diabetic subjects (mean age of 57 years) with dyslipidemia. Serum oxHDL levels were quantified using an antibody against oxidized human apoA-I in a sandwich ELISA format. Results Multiple regression analysis adjusted for possible confounders revealed that HDL-cholesterol was independently, significantly and positively correlated with LDL-PS and oxHDL. By multiple regression analysis, oxHDL was independently, significantly and positively correlated with fasting PG (β = 0.19, P = 0.01). Subjects in the highest PG tertile group had approximately 30% higher oxHDL levels than the lowest PG tertile group. Conclusions These results suggest that high PG levels may contribute to the HDL oxidation, irrespective of HDL-cholesterol levels, even in non-diabetic subjects with dyslipidemia, and that the measurement of oxHDL may be a useful marker of dysfunctional HDL.

Objective: Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with lifestyle-related diseases. Research into the pathophysiology of lifestyle-related diseases is important for Mongolian people. Our study investigated the correlation among the d-ROMs test (a measure of the total oxidant capacity of blood), serum amyloid A (SAA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in a young Mongolian population. Methods: The data, including anthropometric and biochemical markers, were collected from 78 Mongolian volunteers (male/female = 27/51, mean age 21 years). The correlation between the SAA and d-ROMs levels was examined, as well as the correlation between the hs-CRP and d-ROMs levels. Results: The SAA levels were 3.2 μg/mL (median), hs-CRP .04 mg/dL (median) and d- ROMs 309 CARR U, respectively. There was a significant and positive correlation between the SAA and d-ROMs levels (r5.40, P&lt .01), in addition to a significant and positive correlation between the hs-CRP and d-ROMs levels (r5.32, P&lt .01). These significant correlations remained independent in a multiple linear regression analysis. A subgroup analysis by sex revealed the positive correlation between the SAA and d-ROMs levels to be greater, relative to that between the hs-CRP and d-ROMs levels, particularly in the female group. Conclusions: The coexistence of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress can be present even in young Mongolian people, suggesting that their coexistence may be a target of early prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. In addition, not only hs-CRP, but also SAA can be used to evaluate the relationship of oxidative stress in this population. Further studies are necessary to confirm the observed relationship.

Objective: The relationship among alcohol metabolism, lipid profile and cardiovascular disease has been a matter of concern, and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is one of the key enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism. The frequency of ALDH2 gene G/A polymorphism (with the substitution of glutamic acid to lysine) varies widely among ethnic groups the polymorphism is prevalent among Asian people but rare in other ethnic groups. The objective of our study was to investigate the association between the ALDH2 gene G/A polymorphism and lipid profile, including the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) status, in a general Japanese population with no or light-to-moderate alcohol drinking habits. Methods: Anthropometric and biochemical variables including lipid- and glucose-related factors were measured in a total of 383 Japanese participants (170 males and 213 females mean age, 45 ± 8.6 years), free of cardiovascular disease. All participants were genotyped by an allele-specific DNA assay. Results: The numbers of participants with the G/G, G/A and A/A genotypes were 213, 139 and 31, respectively. The percentages of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (identified by LDL-C ≥ 3.63 mmol/L) were 31.9%, 45.3% and 29.0% in participants with the G/G, G/A and A/A genotypes, respectively. Carrying the G/A + A/A genotype was a significant and positive factor related to hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia with an odds ratio of 1.62 (95% CI: 1.04-2.52) after adjusting for the other variables including drinking status. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the ALDH2 gene G/A polymorphism can affect the lipid profile such as LDL-C status in this population. The association between the polymorphism and LDL-C status warrants further investigation.