遠藤 和洋

Background: Osteopenia is a well-known risk factor for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; however, it is unclear whether osteopenia can apply to both genders and how osteopenia is associated with cancer progression. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether osteopenia predicts reduced survival in regression models in both genders and whether osteopenia is associated with the pathological factors associated with reduced survival. Methods: This study included 188 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy. Bone mineral density was assessed using computed tomography (CT) scan images taken within 3 months before surgery. Non-contrast CT scan images at the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra were used. The cutoff value of osteopenia was calculated using a threshold value of 160 Hounsfield units. Overall survival (OS) curves and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method, as was a log-rank test for survival. The hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for overall survival were calculated using Cox’s proportional hazard model. Results: In the regression analysis, age predicted bone mineral density. The association in females was greater than that in males. The OS and RFS of osteopenia patients were shorter than those for non-osteopenia patients. According to univariate and multivariate analyses, osteopenia was an independent risk factor for OS and RFS. The sole pathological factor associated with osteopenia was microvascular portal vein invasion. Conclusion: Models suggest that osteopenia may predict decreased OS and RFS in patients undergoing resection of hepatocellular carcinoma due to the mechanisms mediated via microvascular portal vein invasion.

The prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastases from pancreatic cancer is poor, largely due to massive ascites, which precludes systemic treatment. Two patients with a poor performance status and malignant ascites were treated with cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy followed by combined chemotherapy with intraperitoneal paclitaxel, intravenous gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel. These patients achieved a survival of 19 and 36 weeks with a relatively good quality of life. Combined intraperitoneal paclitaxel and systemic chemotherapy may provide effective palliative management for some patients with peritoneal metastases from pancreatic cancer.

Abstract It is important to assess the prognosis and intervene before and after surgery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to elucidate the association of outcomes and residual liver function after hepatectomy. A total of 176 patients who underwent the initial resection for hepatocellular carcinoma between January 2011 and March 2021 at Jichi Medical University were included. Hepatic clearance of the remnant liver was measured using 99mTc-galactosyl serum albumin scintigraphy. The log-rank test was used to analyze survival using the Kaplan–Meier method. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival were calculated using Cox’s proportional hazard model. In multivariate analysis, microvascular invasion, intraoperative blood loss, and hepatic clearance of the remnant liver were independently associated with overall survival. Hepatic clearance of the remnant liver was independently associated with recurrence free survival. This is the first report to show that lower residual liver function is associated with shorter survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy. Preoperative determination of remnant liver function may allow assessment of prognosis in patients planned to undergo resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Preservation of liver functional reserve may be crucial for improved long-term outcomes after hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND: Osteopenia is defined as low bone mineral density (BMD) and has been shown to be associated with outcomes of patients with various cancers. The association between osteopenia and perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate osteopenia as a prognostic factor in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: A total of 58 patients who underwent surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. The BMD at the 11th thoracic vertebra was measured using computed tomography scan within one month of surgery. Patients with a BMD < 160 HU were considered to have osteopenia and b BMD ≥ 160 did not have osteopenia. The log-rank test was performed for survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. After adjusting for confounding factors, overall survival was assessed by Cox's proportional-hazards model. RESULTS: The osteopenia group had 27 (47%) more females than the non-osteopenia group (p = 0.036). Median survival in the osteopenia group was 37 months and in the non-osteopenia group was 61 months (p = 0.034). In multivariable analysis, osteopenia was a significant independent risk factor associated with overall survival in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (hazard ratio 3.54, 95% confidence interval 1.09-11.54, p = 0.036), along with primary tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS: Osteopenia is associated with significantly shorter survival in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.

膵全摘では周術期血糖・栄養管理が重要である.12年間の膵全摘32例の周術期血糖・栄養状態を検討した.一期的・二期的膵全摘は各々16例で計48病変の約80%を膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍と浸潤性膵管癌が占めた.5年生存率は60.2%,一期的・二期的膵全摘で差はなかった.HbA1cは術前6.7%,術後1年は7.7%と上昇,prognostic nutritional index(PNI)は術前47.8,術後1年は43.0と低下した.予後因子を単変量解析すると術後1年neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,術前platelet-lymphocyte ratio,術後1年PNIが抽出され,多変量解析では術後1年PNIが有意な因子であった.術後1年PNI 40.5未満は予後不良で,高力価パンクレアチン製剤投与群は予後良好であった.膵全摘後は正しい病態把握のもとに内外分泌治療を行うことが重要である.(著者抄録)

症例は48歳の男性で,約1ヵ月前に左手外傷に対して鼠径部より採皮,植皮術を施行され,退院後より腹部違和感を自覚していた.腹部症状が増悪し意識障害も出現したため前医を受診し,造影CTで広範な門脈血栓症を認め,入院となった.翌日,下部消化管出血を認め,当院転院となった.転院時造影CTで上腸間膜静脈血栓症と診断された.小腸壊死は明らかでなく,抗凝固療法を開始し,約40日の経過で血栓はほぼ消失した.経口摂取開始後に嘔吐が出現したため,小腸造影および小腸3D-CTを撮影したところ上部空腸の器質的狭窄を認めた.転院後第59病日に小腸部分切除術を施行した.病理学的には血栓形成を伴う虚血性腸炎の診断であった.術後20日目に退院し,現在も再発は認めていない.本症例では,3D-CTが遅発性小腸狭窄の範囲の推定と切除範囲の決定に有用であった.(著者抄録)

症例は48歳の男性で,約1ヵ月前に左手外傷に対して鼠径部より採皮,植皮術を施行され,退院後より腹部違和感を自覚していた.腹部症状が増悪し意識障害も出現したため前医を受診し,造影CTで広範な門脈血栓症を認め,入院となった.翌日,下部消化管出血を認め,当院転院となった.転院時造影CTで上腸間膜静脈血栓症と診断された.小腸壊死は明らかでなく,抗凝固療法を開始し,約40日の経過で血栓はほぼ消失した.経口摂取開始後に嘔吐が出現したため,小腸造影および小腸3D-CTを撮影したところ上部空腸の器質的狭窄を認めた.転院後第59病日に小腸部分切除術を施行した.病理学的には血栓形成を伴う虚血性腸炎の診断であった.術後20日目に退院し,現在も再発は認めていない.本症例では,3D-CTが遅発性小腸狭窄の範囲の推定と切除範囲の決定に有用であった.(著者抄録)

Long-acting somatostatin analogs, including lanreotide slow release (LAN-SR) and octreotide long-acting release (OCT-LAR), can improve hypoglycemia in insulinoma. LAN-SR may be more beneficial in some patients with insulinoma than OCT-LAR.

症例は37歳,女性.25歳で偶発的に膵体尾部に嚢胞性病変を指摘され,精査目的に当院消化器内科に紹介された.腹部造影CTとMRI検査では膵尾部に約5cmの嚢胞性腫瘤を認め膵粘液性嚢胞腫瘍(mucinous cystic neoplasm:MCN)が疑われたが,経過観察の方針となった.32歳時の第2子妊娠を契機に経過観察が一時中断となり,5年後の37歳に再診した.嚢胞性腫瘤は多房化し,大きさ6cmへの増大を認め,血清CA19-9の上昇を伴ったことから手術目的に消化器外科紹介となった.腹腔鏡下膵体尾部脾摘術を施行し,術後経過は良好で術後11日目に退院した.病理組織像では卵巣様間質を認め,微小浸潤を伴った膵粘液性嚢胞腺癌の診断であった.MCNの自然史を解明するには長期経過観察例の集積が必要である.(著者抄録)

症例は37歳,女性.25歳で偶発的に膵体尾部に嚢胞性病変を指摘され,精査目的に当院消化器内科に紹介された.腹部造影CTとMRI検査では膵尾部に約5cmの嚢胞性腫瘤を認め膵粘液性嚢胞腫瘍(mucinous cystic neoplasm:MCN)が疑われたが,経過観察の方針となった.32歳時の第2子妊娠を契機に経過観察が一時中断となり,5年後の37歳に再診した.嚢胞性腫瘤は多房化し,大きさ6cmへの増大を認め,血清CA19-9の上昇を伴ったことから手術目的に消化器外科紹介となった.腹腔鏡下膵体尾部脾摘術を施行し,術後経過は良好で術後11日目に退院した.病理組織像では卵巣様間質を認め,微小浸潤を伴った膵粘液性嚢胞腺癌の診断であった.MCNの自然史を解明するには長期経過観察例の集積が必要である.(著者抄録)