濱本 耕平

Abstract Despite advances in diagnostic imaging and interventional techniques, pancreatic pseudoaneurysms remain a life-threatening complication of pancreatitis. Presentation varies among patients and may include intra-abdominal, retroperitoneal, or gastrointestinal bleeding and bleeding into the pancreatic or common bile duct. We present a unique case of a 74-year-old man with a history of heavy alcohol consumption who presented with a haematoma surrounding the caudate lobe of the liver. Initially, alcoholic cirrhosis and a ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma were suspected. Therefore, transarterial embolization (TAE) of the caudate branch of the hepatic artery was performed. However, 3 months later, the patient experienced abdominal pain with a lesser sac haematoma and a seemingly interconnected pancreatic cyst. One month later, a pseudoaneurysm appeared in the pancreatic cyst. TAE was successfully performed for the pseudoaneurysm, and the patient showed no signs of recurrence during the 1-year follow-up.

PURPOSE: Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) share common clinical features such as female phenotype, vaginal hypoplasia, and primary amenorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is performed to investigate the cause of primary amenorrhea. However, the MRI features are also similar in both disorders. They are ultimately diagnosed by chromosome testing, but there is a possibility of misdiagnosis if chromosome testing is not performed. This study aimed to identify MRI features that are useful for differentiating CAIS from MRKHS. METHOD: This multicenter retrospective study included 12 patients with CAIS and 19 patients with MRKHS. Three radiologists blindly evaluated the following features: (1) detection of vagina, (2) detection of nodular and cystic structures in the lateral pelvis; undescended testicles and paratesticular cysts in CAIS and rudimentary uteri and ovaries in MRKHS, (3) their location, (4) number of cysts in the cystic structures, and (5) signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the nodular structures. Statistical comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Compared with MRKHS, the CAIS group showed significantly detectable vagina, more ventrally located nodular and cystic structures, fewer cysts within the cystic structures, and nodular structures with higher signal intensity on DWI and lower ADC values. CONCLUSIONS: MRI features of detectable vagina, location of nodular and cystic structures, number of cysts within the cystic structures, signal intensity on DWI and ADC values of the nodular structures were useful in differentiating CAIS from MRKHS.

【目的】Single energy metal artifact reduction(SEMAR)を用いた血管塞栓用コイルの金属アーチファクト低減における撮影条件の影響を明らかにする。【方法】チューブ内に血管塞栓用コイルを留置した血管塞栓ファントムを用い,管電圧,管電流,撮影方向を変えてCTを撮影し,視覚評価,standard deviation(SD)値,CT値のプロファイル曲線を指標として,それぞれの金属アーチファクト低減における影響を比較検討した。【結果】すべての管電圧,管電流において,SEMARありではSEMARなしと比較し視覚評価スコアは高値を示し,SD値は低値を示した。SEMARありの画像では,高管電圧および高管電流撮影でSD値は低値を示した。撮影方向の検討では,チューブに対して水平に撮影した画像でチューブ内の金属アーチファクトがより広範囲にみられた。【結論】SEMARを用いた金属アーチファクト低減には,高管電圧,高管電流での撮影が有用であり,評価対象血管と金属コイルとの位置関係を考慮した方向での撮影が重要である。(著者抄録)