佐々木 彩加

【目的】看護教員と臨床看護師とが協働して看護研究のための研究活動を行う意義や課題について,研究会における研究活動を通し,検討する。【方法】本研究会は,術後急性期患者への看護実践モデル構築を目指し,看護教員と臨床看護師とが協働して研究に取り組むことが目的である。A大学看護学部教員7名とA大学附属病院で術後急性期看護に関わる臨床看護師10名で研究会を構成した。【結果】約1年間で計7回の研究会を開催した。研究会での研究活動として,看護実践のベストプラクティスの言語化や意見交換を通して,看護実践における重要な要素を見出し共有するに至った。【結論】参加者は本研究会が目指す目的を理解し,各々の知識や経験を活用することで協働して研究活動に取り組んでいた。本研究会の実施結果を通して,研究活動の活性化や継続のためには,研究成果について共通認識を持つ必要性が見出された。また,看護教員と臨床看護師が協働した研究会を推進していく上では,参加者の負担を軽減するための体制の整備や,参加者が主体的に協働しようという認識を持てるかが課題であると考えられる。(著者抄録)

目的:看護学生の生活行動と生活体験の特徴を明らかにし,看護教育の示唆を得る。方法:看護学部3年生を対象に独自に作成した調査票を配布し,得られた回答を解析した。結果:有効回答数は58名で,親元を離れている学生が55.2%であった。生活行動では,食事の支度や自室の掃除,洗濯をするのは親元を離れている学生で有意に多かった。換気,手洗い,テーブル拭き,入浴の際の湯温確認を行わない学生は3割以上いた。生活体験では,入学前に高齢者と同居経験がある学生は44.8%で,高齢者の世話の経験が有意に多かった。病人の世話の経験がある学生は41.4%だった。結論:学生の生活体験は一概に乏しいとは言えないが,高齢者や病人と入学前に関わった経験は多くなく,望ましい生活行動に関する既習知識は学生自身の日常生活で実践できていない。学生の生活行動や生活体験を理解することは,看護の対象の理解や実践方法を教授する上で有用である。(著者抄録)

目的:看護学生の生活行動と生活体験の特徴を明らかにし,看護教育の示唆を得る。方法:看護学部3年生を対象に独自に作成した調査票を配布し,得られた回答を解析した。結果:有効回答数は58名で,親元を離れている学生が55.2%であった。生活行動では,食事の支度や自室の掃除,洗濯をするのは親元を離れている学生で有意に多かった。換気,手洗い,テーブル拭き,入浴の際の湯温確認を行わない学生は3割以上いた。生活体験では,入学前に高齢者と同居経験がある学生は44.8%で,高齢者の世話の経験が有意に多かった。病人の世話の経験がある学生は41.4%だった。結論:学生の生活体験は一概に乏しいとは言えないが,高齢者や病人と入学前に関わった経験は多くなく,望ましい生活行動に関する既習知識は学生自身の日常生活で実践できていない。学生の生活行動や生活体験を理解することは,看護の対象の理解や実践方法を教授する上で有用である。(著者抄録)

目的:本研究の目的は,看護学生の生活行動,生活体験および学習態度を明らかにすることである。方法;A大学看護学部3年生を対象に独自に作成した質問紙と既存の大学生調査票を用いた自記式調査を実施し,記述統計を行った。結果:26名の生活行動は,食事前の手洗いありが50%,入浴あるいはシャワーの際の湯温確認は61.5%に認められた。自動水洗トイレの住宅への居住経験ありは57.7%,湯の保温機能つきの風呂の住宅への居住経験ありが76.9%であった。学習行動の第1位は図書館の利用であったが,高校と大学での勉強や学習の仕方の違いに戸惑った,授業についていけなかった,という回答も上位10位以内に含まれていた。結論:一概に学生の生活体験が乏しいとはいえないが,利便性の高い生活環境で育った背景やグループ学習やインターネット利用といったこの世代の学生が好む学習スタイルを理解し,効果的な教授方法を開発することが求められる。(著者抄録)

BACKGROUND: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and regulates the stress response through two CRH receptors (R1 and R2). Previously, we reported that a CRHR1 gene polymorphism (rs110402, rs242924, and rs7209436) and haplotypes were associated with IBS. However, the association between the CRHR2 gene and IBS was not investigated. We tested the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes of CRHR2 are associated with IBS pathophysiology and negative emotion in IBS patients. METHODS: A total of 142 IBS patients and 142 healthy controls participated in this study. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CRHR2 gene (rs4722999, rs3779250, rs2240403, rs2267710, rs2190242, rs2284217, and rs2284220) were genotyped. Subjects' psychological states were evaluated using the Perceived-Stress Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. RESULTS: We found that rs4722999 and rs3779250, located in intronic region, were associated with IBS in terms of genotype frequency (rs4722999: P = 0.037; rs3779250: P = 0.017) and that the distribution of the major allele was significantly different between patients and controls. There was a significant group effect (controls vs. IBS), and a CRHR2 genotype effect was observed for three psychological scores, but the interaction was not significant. We found a haplotype of four SNPs (rs4722999, rs3779250, rs2240403, and rs2267710) and two SNPs (rs2284217 and rs2284220) in strong linkage disequilibrium (D' > 0.90). We also found that haplotypes of the CRHR2 gene were significantly different between IBS patients and controls and that they were associated with negative emotion. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes of CRHR2 are related to IBS. In addition, we found associations between CRHR2 genotypes and haplotypes and negative emotion in IBS patients and controls. Further studies on IBS and the CRH system are warranted.

UNLABELLED: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder with distinct features of stress-related pathophysiology. A key mediator of the stress response is corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Although some candidate genes have been identified in stress-related disorders, few studies have examined CRH-related gene polymorphisms. Therefore, we tested our hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CRH-related genes influence the features of IBS. METHODS: In total, 253 individuals (123 men and 130 women) participated in this study. They comprised 111 IBS individuals and 142 healthy controls. The SNP genotypes in CRH (rs28364015 and rs6472258) and CRH-binding protein (CRH-BP) (rs10474485) were determined by direct sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The emotional states of the subjects were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Self-rating Depression Scale. RESULTS: Direct sequencing of the rs28364015 SNP of CRH revealed no genetic variation among the study subjects. There was no difference in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of rs6472258 and rs10474485 between IBS individuals and controls. However, IBS subjects with diarrhea symptoms without the rs10474485 A allele showed a significantly higher emotional state score than carriers. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the CRH and CRH-BP genes have no direct effect on IBS status. However, the CRH-BP SNP rs10474485 has some effect on IBS-related emotional abnormalities and resistance to psychosocial stress.

BACKGROUND: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) acts mainly via the CRH receptor 1 (CRH-R1) and plays a crucial role in the stress-induced pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Several studies have demonstrated that variants of the CRH-R1 gene carry a potential risk for depression, but evidence for an association between CRH-R1 genotypes and IBS is lacking. We tested the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes of CRH-R1 moderate the IBS phenotype and negative emotion in IBS patients. METHODS: A total of 103 patients with IBS and 142 healthy controls participated in the study. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the CRH-R1 gene (rs7209436, rs242924, and rs110402) were genotyped. Subjects' emotional states were evaluated using the Perceived-Stress Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Self-rating Depression Scale. RESULTS: The TT genotype of rs7209436 (P = 0.01) and rs242924 (P = 0.02) was significantly more common in patients with IBS than in controls. Total sample analysis showed significant association between bowel pattern (normal, diarrhea, constipation, or mixed symptoms) and the T allele of rs7209436 (P = 0.008), T allele of rs242924 (P = 0.019), A allele of rs110402 (P = 0.047), and TAT haplocopies (P = 0.048). Negative emotion was not associated with the examined CRH-R1 SNPs. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms and the CRH-R1 haplotypes moderate IBS and related bowel patterns. There was no clear association between CRH-R1 genotypes and negative emotion accompanying IBS. Further studies on the CRH system are therefore warranted.